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Background: Mortality from liver trauma remains high despite surgical advancements. The objective of this study was to determine the outcomes of surgical management of liver trauma at LUMHS Jamshoro.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study using non-probability convenient sampling technique was done at department of surgery LUMHS Jamshoro for 18 months. Patients between 14 to 50 years with blunt hepatic trauma presenting to the E.R. within 04 hours of incident were included and hepatic trauma patients managed conservatively, having multiple trauma and hemo-dynamically stable were excluded. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis with mean and SD reported for qualitative and frequency and percentages for quantitative variables. Chi-square test was applied keeping p-value of < 0.05 as statistically significant.Results: From 136 patients with mean age of 32.33±1.23 years, 120 (88%) were male. 122 (89.7%) were admitted due to blunt trauma and 14 (10.3%) due to penetrating trauma. Peri-hepatic packing was performed in 116 (85.2%) and suture hepatorrhaphy in 20 (14.8%). Intra-abdominal sepsis was seen in 41 (30%) of patients followed by recurrent hemorrhage in 33 (24%) while 30 (22%) of patients died. Substantial differences (p < 0.001) were observed in terms of surgical technique and each of the complication i.e. sepsis, bile leak and recurrent hemorrhage among alive patientsConclusions: The most common post-operative complication was intra-abdominal sepsis followed by recurrent haemorrhage and bile leak. Significant mortality was observed in between type of complication as well as surgical technique.
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This cross-sectional study aimed to serve as a pilot investigation to identify the level of discomfort and awkward posture among the workers of a garments manufacturing industry. The study was conducted for both male (54) and female (26) workers working in two different departments - stitching and finishing. Data were collected using both questionnaire and direct observation. As discomfort cannot be measured directly, a questionnaire was used to measure it based on subjective ratings by the workers. For analyzing posture, two objective assessment tools were used – rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) to analyze sitting posture and rapid entire body assessment (REBA) for standing posture. The cumulative scores of discomfort for different body parts were measured. The lower back was found to be at the highest risk as compared to other body parts. Female workers had higher score of discomfort (mean = 2.9615, S.D. = 1.3931) as compared to their male counterparts (mean = 1.2693, S.D. = 0.6538). Similarly, standing workers suffered more discomfort (mean = 2.7272, S.D. = 1.3090) as compared to sitting workers (mean = 1.0909, S.D. = 0.3784). No worker received ergonomically acceptable score for both of postural assessment tools. The mean RULA score was 5.25 and mean REBA score was 5. The results of this study necessitate a company-wide ergonomic assessment immediately.
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Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Terfezia claveryi crude extract on induced corneal ulcer in rabbit’s eye. Study Design: Study was carried out in Rabbits eye. Place and Duration of the Study: This study was conducted in the experimental laboratories at College of Applied Medical Sciences of Qassim University during the period from March to June 2013. Methodology: Crude aqueous extract of this truffle, in different concentrations, was introduced through intraperitoneal injection to rabbits for their safety dose. Corneal epithelial wound was induced in different groups of rabbit’s eye with sodium hydroxide and later this wound was contaminated with some selected bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Escherchia coli to produce iatrogenic infection. The healing power of different concentrations of T. claveryi crude extract was observed by different clinical findings. Results: We observed that 1.5% crude extract of this desert truffle significantly healed the corneal ulcer almost within 9 days. Delayed response in healing was observed with 3% T. claveryi, while 5% extract developed some extra corneal complications. The healing response of corneal ulcer to topical application of different concentrations of T. claveryi extract was compared with a synthetic antibiotic (Vigamox 0.5%) as a reference standard drug. Conclusion: It was concluded that aqueous extract of T. claveryi has no significant toxic effects against liver and kidney function parameters. The antibacterial activity of this desert truffle recommends as an alternative medicine for some corneal infections. However, the therapeutic role of some specific ingredients present in this truffle needs further investigations.
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Aim: This work was aimed at studying the pathogenicity of bacteria causing infectious keratitis through experimental infection using different groups of rabbits that were inoculated with clinical isolates and assessed through biochemical and histopathological investigations. Study Design: This study was carried out on Rabbits. Place and Duration of the Study: this experiment was carried out at Med. Labs. Dept, Qassim Univ., in April 2013. Methodology: The isolated bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus from clinical corneal scraping swabs of patients suffering from infectious keratitis were experimentally inoculated through intraperitoneal injection in different groups of Original Research Article Article British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research, 4(26): 4470-4481, 2014 4471 rabbits (2.0-2.5kg) and were subjected to serum biochemical and histopathological examinations. Results: The experimental rabbits showed alterations in both liver and kidney function parameters that varied with the type of bacteria injected. The level of urea was nonsignificantly increased to a higher extent in rabbits within 3 and 7 days of infection. There was no marked change in the levels of uric acid and creatinine in all groups of rabbits. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) showed variable increased values but seemed also within limits of reference in all the groups of rabbits injected with either S. aureus or P. aeruginosa. Histopathologically, the internal organs (liver and kidneys) of the experimental rabbits showed inflammatory reactions with degenerative changes and/or necrosis while the cornea revealed oedema and leukocytic infiltration. The microscopic findings were varied in severity according to the type of the bacteria. Conclusion: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus experimentally induced infections revealed histopathologic lesions and disturbances in the functions of liver and kidneys of experimental rabbits together with proliferation of corneal epithelium and polymorphonuclear leukocytes infiltration in the corneal stroma. Therefore, strict measures are recommended to control and treat infectious keratitis to avoid visual complications and systemic disturbances among infected patients.
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To study the incidence and risk factors of the bacteria causing infectious keratitis among patients in Qassim province of Saudi Arabia. This is a cross sectional study conducted at the Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from December 2010 to May 2011. One hundred patients suspected of keratitis were subjected to clinical examinations. A total of 115 corneal swabs from these cases were collected under aseptic conditions for bacteriological examinations. Culture of the corneal swabs revealed Pseudomonas aeruginosa [25.2%], Staphylococcus aureus [15.7%], and unclassified bacteria [13.9%]. However, 52 swabs of infectious keratitis cases [45.2%] were negative to bacteria. Contact lens wearing [44.4%] was the most common risk factor among the examined patients, followed by corneal trauma [21.7%], ocular surface disease [11.3%], and corneal surgery [7%]. No significant correlation was observed between systemic risk factor and clinical presentation. It could be concluded that infectious keratitis was mostly due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, strict measures are recommended to control and treat infectious keratitis to avoid visual complications
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Keratitis/microbiology , Bacteria , Incidence , Risk Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureusABSTRACT
The study is aimed to compare the attitudes of medical practitioners and allied medical professionals, other than mental health workers, towards mental illness, mental health services and their patients in Jordan and to recommend a strategy to reduce the stigma, which represents an additional burden on patients with mental health problems and their families. We collected views of 300 medical practitioners and 300 allied medical professionals, from different hospitals in the Jordanian Royal Medical Services concerning stigma. One hundred seventy six medical practitioners compared to one hundred fifty one allied medical professionals considered mental illnesses to be a medical problem like diabetes or hypertension with a statistically significant difference [p<0.001]. A fair number of allied medical professionals believed that mental illness is a type of madness [n=69] or a possession by a demon [n=60], and that mentally ill patients are dangerous and impulsive [n=140] compared to 29, 23, and 99 medical practitioners respectively with statistically significant differences [p<0.0005, 0.00002, 0.002] in that order. One hundred forty five medical practitioners compared to 115 allied medical professionals thought that the public does not trust the treatment provided by psychiatrists and other mental health workers with a statistically significant difference [p<0.0007]. Allied medical professionals believed the media helped to reduce stigma of mental illness in contrast to the medical professionals which thought that it did not. The majority felt the need for an increase in public awareness of mental illness and wish to participate in mental health campaigns to support mental health development in Jordan. Health care professionals at all levels are still carrying negative attitude towards mental health services and their patients in Jordan
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To examine the relationship between advancing parental age, at the time of conception of offspring, and their risk of autism in Jordan. A multicenter descriptive correlational study, conducted in the period between the 1[st] of August 2010 and the 1[st] of January 2011. We included all registered cases of Autism in eleven specialized centers dealing with autistic children, recognized by The National Council for Family Affairs, The Ministry of Education, and The Ministry of Social Affairs, from Irbid in the north to Aqaba in the south. In the present study, we investigated the association of autism with parental age in 229 autism cases from Jordan. Patients were fulfilling the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10[th] Revision criteria for the diagnosis of autism. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 10 programs were used to analyze the data; Non-Parametric tests; chi[2] test, and frequencies were applied to analyze the relation between parental age at the time of conception and the risk of autism. Statistically significant results were those with a P-value < 0.05. There was no significant increase in the risk of autism with advancing parental age. Moreover, Autism was more frequent in the offspring of parents aged [25-35] years at the time of conception. In the majority of cases 127/229 [55.46%], paternal age at the time of conception ranked in the age group of [25-35] years old, chi[2] = 181.463, df = 3, which was found to be of highly statistical significance with a P-value of < 0.0001. Maternal age at the time of conception also ranked in the age group of [25-35] years, 134/229 [58.51%], chi[2] = 71.642, df = 2, it was highly statistically significant with a P-value of < 0.0001. No relation between advanced parental age and the occurrence of Autism. Moreover, Autism was more frequent in parents who were aged less than 35 years old at the time of conception
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Adult , Adolescent , Young Adult , Parents , Age Factors , Risk AssessmentABSTRACT
To study the interrelationships between central corneal thickness [CCT], radius of corneal curvature [CC], Endothelial Cell Density [ECD] and intraocular pressure [IOP] measurement using Goldmann applanation tonometry in a sample of non-glaucomatous Jordanian population. 195 eyes of 195 normal volunteers with a mean age of 37.4 years were included in the study, of which 60.5% were male. Both CCT and ECD were measured using a non-contact specular microscope [SP-2000p: Topcon Corporation, Japan] while the CC was measured using the Javal-Schiotz keratometer [Haag-Streit mires]. The Goldmann applanation tonometer was used for IOP measurement. Only right eyes were used for statistical analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the relationships between the study variables. The mean [ +/- SD] IOP, CCT and ECD were 13.09 mmHg [ +/- 2.87], 514.6 micro m [ +/- 36.3] and 3076 [ +/- 558] cell/mm[2], respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in IOP, CCT and ECD between genders [student t-test, P=0.45, P=0.83, P=0.57, respectively]. The mean CC was 7.69mm [ +/- 0.28] in male subjects and 7.59mm [ +/- 0.24] in female subjects, with a statistically significant P value of 0.014. The change in CC with advancement of age showed a P value of 0.005. Neither CC nor ECD had a statistically significant relationship with IOP [P= 0.81 and P=0.15], respectively. But there was a significant relationship between CCT and IOP [P<0.001]. The results of this study showed that in a sample of non-glaucomatous Jordanian population: IOP, CCT and ECD were sex independent while corneal curvature was steeper in the sampled females. There was a significant relationship between CCT and IOP, but not between CC or ECD and IOP
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Intraocular Pressure , Glaucoma , Corneal Topography , Tonometry, Ocular , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
Parathyroid carcinoma is a very rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism and these tumors are usually hyper-functioning as compared to other malignant endocrine tumors. Surgery is the only effective primary treatment. We report a patient, who presented with pathological fracture of femur, hypercalcemia, bilateral renal stones, markedly raised Parathormone levels and palpable mass in the neck. Parathyroid adenoma was initially diagnosed and localized at left lower gland by Sestamibi scan and ultrasonography. She underwent surgery and enlarged parathyroid gland was removed. Intra operatively there was no evidence of local invasion or lymph nodes involvement but biopsy report suggested malignancy
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adenoma , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary , Technetium Tc 99m SestamibiABSTRACT
To determine the prevalence of 3 polymorphisms in p53 gene in 3 healthy Jordanian groups and 2 cancer patient groups. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples obtained from 84 cancer patients [breast and lung adenocarcinoma] and 136 healthy subjects [representing Jordanian general population, Bedouins and Charkas]. Samples were collected from Al-Amal Hospital for Cancer, Amman and from health centers located in different regions of Jordan from March 2002 to October 2002. Polymerase chain reaction [PCR] was used to amplify intron 3, exon 4 and intron 6 and PCR products were analyzed using gel electrophoresis and BstUI and MspI analysis. Allele frequencies [A1] were estimated for the 3 polymorphisms and Chi-square [X2] test was used to determine the significance of differences from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Differences in allele frequencies for all 3 polymorphisms were observed among the various groups. Analysis based on haplotype frequencies showed that MspI A2 allele linked to BstUI allele was associated with lung adenocarcinoma, whereas the loss of the 16-bp duplication allele in combination with MspI A2 allele was associated with breast cancer. In the cancer patients, the most frequent extended haplotype was the absence of the 16-bp duplication in combination with the presence of the BstUI A2 and MspI restriction sites. No significant difference was found with respect to the BstUI polymorphism between cancer patients and healthy groups. However, a significant difference was found with respect to the MspI polymorphism between lung adenocarcinoma patients and healthy Jordanian general population. Charkas have a higher cancer risk than Jordanian general population based on the [16bp A1-MspI A2] for breast cancer and [MspI A2-BstUI A2] for lung adenocarcinoma
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Polymorphism, Genetic , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Adenocarcinoma , Lung NeoplasmsABSTRACT
A 50-yaer-old woman sought a rheumatological consultation for anterior chest pain of three weeks duration. The diagnosis of superficial phlebitis of the anterior chest wall [Mondor's disease] was made. This was confirmed thereafter by the pathological report. She was treated with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Oxyphenylbutazone [Tanderil] and made a prompt recovery